Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder.  The term sleep apnea means ‘without respiration’ and people with obstructive sleep apnea repeatedly stop and start breathing multiple times each night while they sleep.Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when the throat muscles relax and block the airway.  The result is that breathing stops during sleep often for prolonged pe...  Read More

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Whether you are a sports enthusiast, “weekend warrior“ or elite-level competitor, the difference between success and failure is often measured in milliseconds and millimeters.  Athletes are constantly searching for a competitive edge with strategies that often center around consistent practices and habits.   Sleep is an often misunderstood potential game-changer in a young athletes health, wellnes...  Read More

Effective January 1st, 2025, the FAA Color Vision Testing (CVT) standards changed. Now, only specifically designated and approved computer-based color vision screening tests will be acceptable for pilot exams. Here is what pilots and airman candidates need to know.  Read More

Anyone who has ever participated in physical exertion from playing sports in the backyard with family and friends to highly competitive, high performance competition, has their own stories about sore muscles both during and after activity.And at a very basic level, physical activity produces cardiovascular, neurologic, chemical and musculoskeletal stresses on the body which, as a result, build mus...  Read More

Recovery is defined as the strategies and practices used by an athlete during the period of time between highly strenuous training activities or competitive events and the next scheduled strenuous training event or competition.Recovery activities allow the body to return to baseline neuromuscular and biochemical function as measured by objective performance testing and biochemical analysis.These a...  Read More

The human eye is a remarkable anatomic marvel however most modern mammals have dichromatic vision—that is they have red-green color blindness.   Color vision in the human eye is the result of specialized cells called cones.   The healthy human eye has 6 – 7 million cone cells and 100- 130 million rod cells to produce normal vision. The cones—blue, green, and red—are located in the center of the re...  Read More

Airmen with disqualifying medical conditions may be eligible for FAA medical certification waivers through the AME-assisted Special Issuance medical certification process. The medical certificate typically provides the same authorization but can carry certain limitations such as the date of expiration.The special issuance process requires considerable documentation and decisions are made on a case...  Read More